5-Amino-1MQ
NNMT Inhibitor
aka 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium · NNMT inhibitor
A small molecule researched for blocking NNMT enzyme to boost NAD+ levels and fat metabolism.
Sequence
Mechanism of action
5-Amino-1MQ works by inhibiting the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) enzyme, which plays a role in the regulation of energy metabolism. By blocking NNMT, this compound increases the availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme in cellular energy production. This enhancement of NAD+ levels supports improved mitochondrial function and energy expenditure. Additionally, it may influence fat metabolism by altering the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis.
What the evidence actually shows
There are currently no published human clinical trials specifically investigating 5-Amino-1MQ. Most evidence comes from animal studies and in vitro experiments, which suggest potential benefits in metabolic regulation and fat loss. Human studies are needed to confirm these effects and establish safety profiles.
Regulatory status
5-Amino-1MQ is not approved for medical use in the UK and is considered a research compound. It is not regulated by the MHRA for therapeutic use.
Source ↗Pharmacokinetics
Dosing — what backs each figure
Nothing is known about dosing 5-amino-1MQ in humans: there are no published human trials and no registered clinical studies. All published in-vivo work is in diet-induced obese mice at 32 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection; the source paper notes 5-amino-1MQ has poor oral bioavailability in mice, which directly contradicts the claim that animal studies used oral administration.
32 mg/kg/day of active pharmaceutical ingredient (4 mg/mL 5-amino-1MQ monochloride salt in saline, dosed at 10 mL/kg body weight), once daily, alongside a low-fat diet switch
mouse (diet-induced obese C57BL/6) · subcutaneous injection · PMID 35013352
Once-daily dosing for 28 days; dose-dependent reduction in body weight and fat mass. Plasma/tissue PK characterised after intravenous, oral and subcutaneous dosing. Exact mg/kg levels are in the full text, not the abstract.
mouse (diet-induced obese) · subcutaneous (efficacy arm); IV/oral/SC compared for PK · PMID 39161060
Systemic administration of a potent methylquinolinium NNMT inhibitor reduced body weight, white adipose mass and adipocyte size; dose in full text only
mouse (diet-induced obese, high-fat diet) · systemic (intraperitoneal) · PMID 29155147
Animal doses do not convert to human doses by body weight alone. Route matters too — a compound dosed intraperitoneally in mice tells you little about subcutaneous use.
- Dose
- 50-150 mg/day
- Frequency
- Daily
Why this isn't evidence
There is no registered or published human trial of 5-amino-1MQ at all, and the only published in-vivo regimen is 32 mg/kg/day given SUBCUTANEOUSLY in mice — a route the authors chose explicitly because 5-amino-1MQ has poor oral bioavailability in mice — so a flat oral 50-150 mg/day human figure is not derived from any source.
This figure is shown because it is what circulates and what people search for — not because it is supported. Cycle lengths in particular tend to be convention copied between compounds rather than anything derived from a compound's own pharmacokinetics.
Handling and storage
Safety
- ·Gastrointestinal discomfort
- ·Potential liver enzyme alterations
- ·Pregnancy
- ·Breastfeeding
- ·Nicotinamide supplements, which may alter NAD+ metabolism
Reported combinations
- ·Resveratrol, which also enhances NAD+ levels
- ·High-dose niacin, which may interfere with NAD+ pathways
Combination claims in this dataset are largely unsourced and should be treated as folk knowledge until a citation appears beside them.
References (4)
- Neelakantan H, et al. (2018) Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. ↗Biochemical PharmacologyPMID 29155147DOI
Characterised membrane permeability, selectivity and mechanism of a series of small-molecule NNMT inhibitors and reported reversal of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice.
- Neelakantan H, et al. (2019) Small molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor activates senescent muscle stem cells and improves regenerative capacity of aged skeletal muscle. ↗Biochemical PharmacologyPMID 30753815DOI
In aged mice, NNMT inhibition activated senescent muscle stem cells and improved skeletal muscle regenerative capacity after injury.
- Babula JJ, et al. (2024) Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. ↗Diabetes, Obesity and MetabolismPMID 39161060DOI
Diet-induced obese mice given 5A1MQ once daily for 28 days showed dose-dependent limitation of body-weight and fat-mass gain; the paper also reports plasma PK and tissue distribution after IV, oral and subcutaneous dosing in mice.
- Awosemo O, et al. (2021) Development & validation of LC-MS/MS assay for 5-amino-1-methyl quinolinium in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies. ↗Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical AnalysisPMID 34304009DOI
Validated a bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method for 5-AMQ and applied it to rat pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability studies.
Data provenance
Chemistry and citations on this page were checked against primary sources on 2026-08-14. Values that could not be verified were left blank rather than filled with a plausible guess.
Could not verify
sequence, storage.lyophilized, storage.reconstituted, storage.lightSensitive, reconstitution.solvent, regulatory.wada